Human civilizations in India are some of the earliest ever and were as significant as counterpart civilizations in ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt. Watch 1,150 quality movies online. Includes classics, indies, film noir, documentaries showcasing the talent of our greatest actors, actresses and directors. With Lenin's admission of limited private enterprise through his New Economic Policy (NEP) of 1921, Russia began receiving fiction films from afar, an occurrence that. Hyde Park Group Food Innovation Until the last few years of the 1990s Ireland had the reputation of being the most sexually repressed country in Europe, where women were second class. See also Romantic Drama. Destroyed By Rockefellers, Diego Rivera Mural Trespassed On Political Vision : NPR. After the Rockefeller Center mural was destroyed in 1. Diego Rivera recreated this version, named Man, Controller of the Universe, which is on display at the Palacio de Bellas Artes in Mexico City. The story of the original mural's creation and destruction is the focus of a Mexican Cultural Institute exhibition in Washington, D. C. The story of the original mural's creation and destruction is the focus of a Mexican Cultural Institute exhibition in Washington, D. C. Estrada /Courtesy of Museo Frida Kalho. A. Estrada /Courtesy of Museo Frida Kalho. Artist Diego Rivera stands with a copy of the mural he painted at Rockefeller Center that was eventually destroyed. Estrada /Courtesy of Museo Frida Kalho. Exhibition co- curator Susana Pliego says the Rockefeller family was aware of Rivera's leftist politics when it commissioned the work. She wonders what made the Rockefellers think that Rivera's vision would be the same as theirs. A Difference Of Vision. So he himself was at the crossroads again. Soviet Union devastated the balance of payments position. Subsequently, the IMF in 1993, 1997, and 2001 approved a series of three-year loans to Mongolia, the last. Hitler and Mussolini at the Munich railway station, September 1938 for the Munich conference. The post building in front looks unchanged apart from the loss of one. That meant the work couldn't be moved. After a flurry of letters asking Rivera to replace Lenin and the artist's declaration that he'd rather see the work destroyed than mutilated, Rivera was fired and the work was eventually chiseled off. A Missing Piece Of History. Downs says the piece would have been stunning had it survived. It will be on display at the Mexican Cultural Institute in Washington, D. C., through May 1. Mongolia facts, information, pictures . There are coins of 1, 2, 5, 1. Movable holidays include Mongol New Year's Day, in February or March. TIME: 8 pm = noon GMT. Situated in east- central Asia, Mongolia has an area of 1,5. Comparatively, the area occupied by Mongolia is slightly smaller than the state of Alaska. The largest landlocked country in the world, Mongolia is bordered on the n by Russia and on the e, s, and w by China, with a total boundary length of 8,1. Mongolia is essentially a vast plateau with an average elevation of 9. Mongolia comprises a mountainous section in the extreme west, where the peak of Nayramadlin Orgil (Huyten Orgil) of the Mongolian Altay Mountains rises to a height of 4,3. Other mountain ranges are the Hentiyn, along the Soviet border, and the Hangayn, in west- central Mongolia. The southern part of the country is occupied by the Gobi, a rocky desert with a thin veneer of shifting sand. Explorations have uncovered large reservoirs of water 2. The largest lakes are found in the northwest. These include the nation's largest lake, Uvs Lake, a saltwater lake with an area of about 3,3. Mongolia has an arid continental climate with a wide seasonal range of temperature and low precipitation. In winter, it is the site of the great Siberian high, which governs the climate of a large part of Asia and gives Mongolia average winter temperatures of - 2. In summer, remnants of the southeasterly monsoon bring most of the year's precipitation. Annual precipitation ranges from 2. Gobi. Mongolia is divided into several natural regions, each with its characteristic plant and animal life. These regions are the mountain forests near the Soviet Siberian border; the mountain steppe and hilly forest farther south; the lowland steppe grasslands; the semidesert; and finally the true desert. Larch and Siberian stone pine are characteristic trees of the northern forests, which are inhabited by bear, Manchurian red deer, snow panther, wild boar, and elk. The saiga antelope and the wild horse are typical steppe dwellers. As of 2. 00. 2, there were at least 1. Environmental problems facing Mongolia include desertification, inadequate water supply, and air and water pollution. Areas affected by deforestation and excessive grazing are eventually overtaken by the desert. After a winter of little snow, wildfires spread across northern Mongolia from March until June of 1. The fires were the most extensive since records were first compiled in 1. An estimated 2. 0% of Mongolia's coniferous forest was damaged in the blaze. In 2. 00. 0, only about 6. Water pollution is a particularly significant problem in Mongolia because the water supply is so limited. The country has only 3. In 2. 00. 2, only 8. The country's air pollution problems are due to increased industrial activity within the country, including the burning of soft coal, and airborne industrial pollution from the former Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China. The heavy concentration of factories in Ulaanbaatar has polluted the environment in that area. In 2. 00. 3, about 1. Ramsar wetland sites. According to a 2. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), threatened species included 1. Przewalski's horse (also called takh) is considered to be the last existing ancestor of the modern domesticated horse. The species was extinct in the wild of Mongolia by 1. Hustain Nuruu. Threatened species included the Bactrian camel, the snow leopard, and the saiga. The population of Mongolia in 2. United Nations (UN) at 2,6. In 2. 00. 5, approximately 4% of the population was over 6. There were 1. 00 males for every 1. According to the UN, the annual population rate of change for 2. The projected population for the year 2. The population density was less than 1 person per sq km (1 per sq mi). The UN estimated that 5. The capital city, Ulaanbaatar, had a population of 8. Darhan has a population of 9. Erdenet, 7. 2,3. 00. Few Mongolian nationals live outside the country, but 3. Mongolian extraction lived in the Inner Mongolia province of China. About 5. 00,0. 00 live in Russia. Between 1. 95. 5 and 1. Chinese laborers entered Mongolia to work on construction projects, but in 1. Mongolia expelled about 2,0. Chinese nationals who had refused to take part in an agricultural resettlement program. In addition, Mongolia expelled 7,0. Chinese between 1. Since the independence of Kazakhstan, many Kazakhs have emigrated. Nomadic herders account for nearly half of Mongolia's population. Mongolia is one of the only developing countries where internal migration to rural areas exceeds migration to cities. The number of families formally registered as nomadic herders grew from an estimated 7. In 2. 00. 0 the total number of migrants was 8,0. There were no reports of refugees or asylum seekers in 2. In 2. 00. 4 some 2,2. Mongolians sought asylum in Europe, mainly in France and the United Kingdom. In 2. 00. 5, the net migration rate was estimated as zero, a significant change from 2. The government views the migration levels as satisfactory. According to latest estimates, about 8. Mongols; they are primarily Khalkha, which account for about 9. Mongols. The remainder include Durbet Mongols of the north and Dariganga Mongols in the east. Turkic speakers (including Kazakhs, Turvins, and Khotans) account for about 7% of the population. Other groups include those of Chinese and Russian origin. Khalkha Mongolian, the official language, is spoken by about 9. It is one of a large dialect group in the Mongolic branch of the Altaic language family. Early in the 1. 3th century, the Mongols adopted an alphabet written in vertical columns from the Turkic Uighurs, and they retained that script until modern times. The literary language differed increasingly from the living spoken language and, in 1. Mongolian government decided to introduce a new phonetic alphabet that would accurately reflect modern spoken Mongolian. The new alphabet consisted of the Cyrillic letters used in Russian, except for two special characters needed to render the Mongolian vowels represented as . After a period of preparation (1. A characteristic phonetic feature of Mongolian is the law of vowel harmony, which requires that a word contain either the so- called back vowels, represented as a, o, and u in Western European languages, or the so- called front vowels, represented as e (. Turkic, Russian, and Chinese are also spoken. Before the government's campaign against religion in the 1. Buddhist monasteries with about 1. Mongolia. In the mid- 1. Since the new constitution of 1. Mahayana Buddhism has made a surprising resurgence. Former monasteries have been restored, and there is a seminary at Gandantegchinlen Hiyd. In 1. 99. 2, Roman Catholic missionaries were also encouraged to come to Mongolia to continue the presence they had initiated earlier in the century. A 2. 00. 4 report indicated that about 5. Buddhism, mostly Lamaist (or Tibetan) Buddhism. About 4% of the population were ethnic Kazakh Muslims. There were small Christian communities throughout the country, including Roman Catholics, Russian Orthodox, and Protestants. About 4. 0% of the population still claims no religious affiliation. The constitution provides for freedom of religion and the separation of church and state. However, the government has reserved the right to place some restrictions on religious activities. For instance, the government can limit the number of churches and clergy allowed for each religious organization. Religious groups are required to register through the Ministry of Justice and Home Affairs. The Trans- Mongolian Railway, about 1,4. Mongolia with both China and Russia. Ulaanbaatar has been connected to the Trans- Siberian Railway via Bayant. Choybalsan is also connected to the Trans- Siberian system via Ereenstav. Ulaanbaatar Railways has been linked to Nalayh since 1. Darhan and Tamsagbulag since 1. A 2. 00- km (1. 24- mi) railroad line connects Erdenet, a copper- molybdenum mining and industrial center near the Russian border, with the Trans- Mongolian Railway. The total length of railroads in 2. Mongolia had 4. 9,2. Although Mongolia, as of 2. Lake Hovsgol (1. 35 km) was in regular use. The 2. 70 km (1. 68 mi) Selenge River and the 1. Orhon River, while navigable, carry little traffic. In addition, the country's lakes and rivers are only open from May through September due to freezing in winter. Although land- locked, Mongolia, as of 2. GRT or more, totaling 3. GRT. There were an estimated 4. As of 2. 00. 5, a total of 1. Mongolia's first air service began operating between Ulaanbaatar and Verkhneudinsk in eastern Siberia in 1. Miat- Air Mongol is the principal airline. In 2. 00. 3, about 2. Archaeological investigations show that the land now known as Mongolia has been inhabited since the Lower Paleolithic period, more than 1. By about 1. 00. 0 bc, animal husbandry of the nomadic type had developed, and by the 3rd century bc, a clan style of organization based on horsemanship had emerged. The Huns, a Turkic- speaking people, driven westward during the Han dynasty in China (2. It reached almost to Rome under the leadership of Attila (r. Mongolia first played an important part in world history in ad 1. Mongol tribes united under the leadership of the conqueror Temujin, or Genghis Khan. The Mongols set up their capital at Karakorum and established a vast empire extending from the northern Siberian forest to Tibet and from the Caspian Sea to the Pacific. After the death of Genghis in 1. Mongol states, or khanates: the Great Khanate of East Asia, which included the Y. Having crossed the Danube River, Batu withdrew in 1. The Mongols' century of dominance in Asia allowed for great trade and cultural interchange but also led to the spread of the bubonic plague to Europe. During the 1. 4th century, the great Mongol states disintegrated. In 1. 36. 9, at the age of 3. Timur, also called Timur Lenk (.
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